Perfume in the Bible

Perfume is part of the biblical text from Genesis through to Revelation, just as perfume pervades our modern life. Identifying the ingredients used in biblical times is difficult when information and meaning is lost in ancient languages. As expected, biblical perfumes were made from natural products but the range employed is surprisingly different from those of modern perfumes. The biblical ingredients are either defensive substances or products of decay, opening up an avenue of speculation as to why this is so.

Charles Sell started his research into this area whilst working at Givaudan, the worldÂ’s leading manufacturer of perfumes and flavours. The introductory chapter of this book gives a brief outline of the history of the Bible lands, paving the way to understanding the difficulties in identifying exactly which plant sources the original authors meant. Other chapters discuss how plants make chemicals and how the sense of smell functions. The book explores the preparation, storage and uses of perfume, both sacred and secular, and compares and contrasts biblical perfumes with their modern equivalents. It recounts some interesting biblical events involving perfume ranging from courtship through seduction to prostitution and murder. The use of beautiful images from the windows of Canterbury Cathedral, where the author is a guide, illustrate some of the people and events in the biblical accounts and enable visualization of the historical uses of perfumes.

The book is aimed at a broad audience and requires no prior specialised knowledge. The subject matter will be of interest to everyone, including chemists and general scientists, historians, those interested in perfumery, those interested in religious studies, and anyone interested in exploring chemistry in the world of art and the creative professions.

The stories around the perfumes of the Bible are as abundant as the contemporary fragrances that are available. Identifying the ingredients used in biblical times is difficult when information and meaning is lost in ancient languages. Biblical perfumes might be expected to be made from natural products with the majority of ingredients from flower oils providing heart notes to the fragrances but although flowers are mentioned in the Bible it is never as part of a perfume. The biblical ingredients are base notes; their natural origins are either as defensive substances or as products of decay, which opens up an avenue of speculation as to why this is so! Aimed at a broad audience from chemists and general scientists to historians and those interested in religious studies also lay readers with an interest in exploring chemistry in the world of art and creative professions.

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